Molecular basis and mechanism of action of Albizia julibrissin in depression treatment and clinical application of its formulae / 中草药·英文版

Albizzia julibrissin is empirically used as an antidepressant in clinical practice. Preclinical studies have indicated that its total extracts or bioactive constituents exerted antidepressant-like responses in animal models, providing the molecular basis to reveal its underlying mechanism of action. While attempts have been made to understand the antidepressant effect of A. julibrissin, many fundamental questions regarding its mechanism of action remain to be addressed at the molecular and systems levels. In this review, we conclusively discussed the mechanism of action of A. julibrissin and A. julibrissin formulae by reviewing recent preclinical and clinical studies conducted by using depressive animal models and depressive patients. Several representative bioactive constituents and formulae were highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action were discussed. In addition, some representative A. julibrissin formulae that have been shown to be compatible with conventional antidepressants in clinical practice were also reviewed. Furthermore, we discussed the future research directions to reveal the underlying mechanism of A. julibrissin at the molecular and systems levels in depression treatment. The integrated study using both the molecular and systematic approaches is required not only for improving our understanding of its molecular basis and mechanisms of action, but also for providing a way to discover novel agents or approaches for the effective and systematic treatment of depression.

Early changes of retinal and choroidal microvascular structure in hypertensive patients / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the feasibility of swept source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)in evaluating early retinal and choroidal microcirculation changes in patients with hypertension.METHODS:Prospective clinical study. A total of 27 patients with grade 2 or 3 essential hypertension(hypertension group)diagnosed in the Department of Cardiology of Xi'an First Hospital from July to November 2022 were included in the study. There were 14 males and 13 females. The mean age was(57.11±3.36)years. During the same period, 27 age- and sex-matched normal people without a history of hypertension were selected as the control group, including 12 males and 15 females. The average age was(55.74±2.95)years old. All patients underwent BCVA(LogMAR), intraocular pressure, axial length, slit lamp examination, fundus color photography and SS-OCTA examination. SS-OCTA was used to scan the macular area of the right eye in the range of 6×6 mm. The retina and choroid were divided into three concentric circles with diameters of 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm and 3-6 mm around the fovea according to ETDRS. Macular vessel density(VD), perfusion area(PA), retinal thickness(CMT), choroidal thickness(CT), choroidal vessel volume(CVV)and choroidal vasculr index(CVI)of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and the deep capillary plexus(DCP)in the macular area of 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm and 3-6 mm were analyzed and recorded. The changes in VD, PA, CMT, CT, CVV and CVI were compared between the two groups. Independent sample t-test was used to compare VD, PA, CMT and CVI between the two groups; CT, CVV and LogMAR visual acuity were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test of independent samples.RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the hypertensive group had significantly lower VD in the macular area 0-3 mm(0-1 mm, t=-3.144; 1-3 mm, t=-3.611, P<0.05). VD in the area of 3-6 mm showed a tendency to increase compared with the control group(t=1.715, P>0.05). The CMT in the 0-1mm area of the macular area in the hypertension group was lower than that in the control group(t=-2.624, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CT, CVV and CVI between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The VD of DCP in the 0-3 mm area and the CMT in the 0-1 mm area are decreased in hypertensive patients. There were no significant differences in CT, CVV and CVI between the two groups. VD and CMT in macular DCP may be used as indicators to evaluate the early changes of retinal and choroidal microcirculation in hypertensive patients.

Influencing factors for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and establishment of a predictive model / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP), and to establish a predictive model. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 163 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and the emergency intensive care unit due to SAP in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 2012 to May 2022, and according to the diagnostic criteria for PICS, these patients were divided into PICS group (65 SAP patients with PICS) and non-PICS group (98 SAP patients without PICS). The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Variance inflation factor and correlation matrix heatmap were used to evaluate multicollinearity between variables, and Lasso regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors and establish a nomogram predictive model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the calibration curve, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used for the internal validation of the model, and the decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical practicability of the model. Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the PICS group and the non-PICS group in mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Glasgow coma score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute liver injury, hypovolemic shock, sepsis, intra-abdominal hypertension, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (all P < 0.05). The Lasso regression analysis showed that related predictive variables included PLR, HCT, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA, mechanical ventilation, AKI, hypovolemic shock, and intra-abdominal hypertension, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLR (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.006, P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation ( OR =4.324, P < 0.05), AKI ( OR =3.432, P < 0.05), and hypovolemic shock ( OR = 6.910, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for PICS in patients with SAP. Model fitting was performed for the above factors, and bootstrap internal validation showed that the nomogram model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.874 (95% confidence interval: 0.822-0.925); the calibration curve of the model was close to the reference curve, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model was well fitted ( χ 2 =8.895, P =0.351). The decision curve analysis showed that the predictive model had good clinical practicability. Conclusion PLR, mechanical ventilation, AKI, and hypovolemic shock are independent risk factors for PICS in patients with SAP, and the nomogram model established has good discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical practicability.

Molecular quantification for quality control of Jinqian Baihuashe in Jinlong Capsule / 药学学报

The quality control of Chinese patent medicines containing animal-derived crude drugs is relatively difficult, because the effective constituents of most animal-derived crude drugs remain unknown. Even if there are relevant methods, they are usually qualitative, and quantitative indicators are either lacking or have poor specificity. This paper has proposed to use molecular quantitative technology to control the quality of Chinese patent medicines containing animal-derived crude drugs. In this study, a molecular quantitative method based on fluorescence quantitative PCR was established for the determination of Jinqian Baihua She in Jinlong Capsule. The method has good specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. There is a good linear relationship between the content of DNA fragments and the CT (cycle threshold) value. The content of the Bungarus multicinctus-specific fragment in Jinlong Capsule is 24.1-46.6 IU·mg-1. It is suggested that the content of the specific fragment of Jinqian Baihua She should not be less than 19.3 IU·mg-1 as one of the quality control criteria of Jinlong Capsule. The study can provide a reference for the quality control of Chinese patent medicines containing animal-derived crude drugs.

Sulfasalazine increases the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by promoting ferroptosis / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the radiosensitization effect of low-dose sulfasalazine (SAS) on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.Methods:Proliferation inhibition effect of SAS on CRC cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the concentration of SAS in vitro assays was based on its IC10 value. CRC cells were treated with SAS alone or combined with inhibitors of apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis, then cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Trypan blue staining, clone formation assay and cell growth curves were used to verify the radiosensitization effect of SAS on CRC cells in vitro. CRC cells were treated with SAS and radiotherapy, then the intracellular contents of lipid peroxidation and the protein levels of GPX4, PTGS2, cleaved PARP and active caspase 3 were evaluated, respectively. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor mouse model was established to further verify the radiosensitization effect of SAS in vivo. Results:High dose (lethal dose) of SAS could induce apoptosis and ferroptosis in CRC cells. Low dose (non-lethal dose) of SAS enhanced the radiosensitivity of CRC cells in vitro, and the radiosensitivity effect of SAS could only be abolished by ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1). Low dose of SAS combined with radiotherapy significantly down-regulated the expression of GPX4, whereas increased the intracellular lipid peroxidation levels and the expression of PTGS2. SAS also showed significant radiosensitization effect in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that low-dose SAS could increase the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by promoting ferroptosis.

Discussion on the reference range and alert level of amisulpride in the treatment of schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo study a therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia. MethodsPatients who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were enrolled， and all patients received amisulpride treatment. Data including age， gender， duration of treatment， single daily dose， clinical diagnosis， amisulpride concentration， the scores of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms （SAPS）， Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms （SANS） and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）， the adverse reaction rate and multitherapy were collected. The concentration of amisulpride was compared within different efficacy groups and different dosage groups， meantime， the incidence rate of adverse reactions was compared within different amisulpride concentration groups， and between monotherapy and multitherapy groups. Thereafter， the therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level of amisulpride in the clinical treatment of schizophrenia were explored via estimating the negative and positive predictive values. ResultsThe amisulpride concentration yielded no statistical difference within different dosage groups and different efficacy groups （F=0.745， 1.343， P>0.05）. The single daily dose among patients in different efficacy groups demonstrated no significant difference （F=0.902， P>0.05）. The correlation between amisulpride treatment efficacy and its concentration denoted no statistical significance （r=0.023， P=0.744）. The clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rate showed no significant difference between monotherapy group and multitherapy group （F=2.198， 0.095， P>0.05）. The concentration of amisulpride was not linearly correlated with the adverse reaction rates ［y=100x/（78.13+x）， r=0.960］. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 100 to 600 ng/mL， the mean reduction rate was equal to or above 42%， the effective detection rate of the reference cut-off value was equal to or above 1.485， and the incidence of adverse reactions was equal to or below 85%. When amisulpride concentrations ranged from 1400 to 1800 ng/mL， there was a decreasing trend in reduction rate （all<42%） and an increasing trend in adverse reaction rate （all>85%） as the concentration of amisulpride increased. ConclusionA reference range of 100~600 ng/mL and an alert level of 1400 ng/mL are recommended for the clinical safety of amisulpride.

Correlation analysis of macular microvascular structure and macular pigment opticaldensity in retinal vein occlusion / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of macular microvascular structure and macular pigment density (MPOD) in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and preliminarily analyze their correlation.Methods:A prospective clinical study. A total of 62 eyes of 62 patients with monocular RVO secondary ME (RVO-ME) diagnosed in the Ophthalmology Hospital of Xi'an No.1 Hospital from July 2020 to May 2021 were included in this study. There were 33 males with 33 eyes, 29 females with 29 eyes. The age was 58.30±12.15 years. The course of disease from the onset of symptoms to medical treatment was 12.29±7.65 days. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and MPOD test. BCVA examination was performed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted to logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). The vascular density (VD), vascular skeletal density (SD), foveal avascular area (FAZ) and central macular thickness (CMT) of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) in the range of 3 mm×3 mm in the macular area of bilateral eyes were measured by OCTA. MPOD was measured by heterochromatic scintillation photometry. Bilateral eyes passed examination in 37 cases. The eyes of 25 patients failed to pass the test. The changes of macular VD, SD, FAZ area, CMT and MPOD between the affected eyes and the contralateral eyes were compared. The MPOD of the affected eye and the contralateral eye was compared by paired t test. FAZ area, CMT, VD, SD, and logMAR BCVA were tested by paired Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between macular blood flow density (VD, SD) and foveal morphology (FAZ area, CMT) with logMAR BCVA and MPOD. Results:Compared with contralateral eyes, VD ( Z=-5.981) and SD ( Z=-6.021) were decreased, FAZ area ( Z=-2.598) and CMT ( Z=-6.206) were increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In 37 patients who passed MPOD test in bilateral eyes, the MPOD value of the affected eye was lower than that of the contralateral eye, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.930, P<0.05). Compared with the affected eye which failed to pass the MPOD detection, macular VD ( Z=-2.807) and SD ( Z=-2.460) were increased, FAZ area ( Z=-4.297) and CMT ( Z=-3.796) were decreased in the affected eye which passed the MPOD test, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that logMAR BCVA in the affected eye was negatively correlated with macular VD and SD ( r=-0.298, -0.461; P<0.05), which was positively correlated with FAZ area and CMT ( r=0.487, 0.789; P<0.05). MPOD in the affected eye was negatively correlated with logMAR BCVA ( r=-0.344, P<0.05). MPOD in the contralateral eye was positively correlated with CMT ( r=0.358, P<0.05). Conclusions:The VD and SD of macular SCP are decreased, FAZ area is enlarged, CMT is thickened, and MPOD is decreased in RVO-ME eyes. MPOD is negatively correlated with logMAR BCVA.

Characteristics of optical coherence tomography angiography in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the superficial retinal blood flow around the optic disc of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) patients with affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes, compared with healthy people.Methods:From May 2018 to may 2019, 30 patients with NA-AION in Xi′an No. 1 Hospital were selected. The changes of superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc on OCTA of 30 patients with NA-AION, whose contralateral healthy eyes were compared. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of both eyes was also compared. 30 healthy people with no history of eye disease and history of eye surgery were selected as healthy control group, and differences between healthy control group and contralateral healthy eye group in NA-AION patients of the superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc were compared.Results:The average values of serum homocysteine, apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein in 30 patients with NA-AION were higher than the normal reference range. Compared with the contralateral healthy eyes, the effected eyes of NA-AION patients had lower retinal blood flow density and perfusion in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc, with significantly difference ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of PVEP-P100 between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the density and perfusion of superficial retinal blood flow in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc between the contralateral healthy eyes of NA-AION patients and healthy control ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OCTA is a safe, rapid and non-invasive test, and it can detect blood perfusion defects promptly, which can be used as the most commonly test method for patients with NA-AION in order to make auxiliary diagnosis and gain time for clinical treatment.

Sequencing of 100 common variation sites of 18 deafness susceptibility genes among 16 182 individuals from Dongguan / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the type and carrier rate of deafness-related variants in Dongguan, China.@*METHODS@#A total of 16 182 subjects were screened. Heel blood samples were collected from newborns, while peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the remainders. For each individual, 100 variations of 18 deafness susceptibility genes were detected.@*RESULTS@#In total 1631 deafness-related variants (including 5 homozygous mutations) were detected, which gave a detection rate of 10.08%. The detection rate of SLC26A4 gene variants was the highest (845 cases, 5.22%), which was followed by GJB2 (673 cases, 4.16%), GJB3 (100 cases, 0.62%), TMC1 (12 cases, 0.07%), and MYO15A (1 case, 0.01%). The detection rate for GJB2 c.235delC variant was the highest (524 cases, 3.24%), which was followed by SLC26A4 IVS7-2A>G variant (270 cases, 1.67%). Thirty three individuals (0.20%) carried two variants at the same time, 7 of them (0.04%) carried compound heterozygous variants of the same gene.@*CONCLUSION@#To expand the range of screening can help with determination of the carrier status and provision of early intervention and genetic counseling for the examinees.

OCTA as evaluation methods for the efficacy and safety of Dexamethasone intravitreal implants for retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant(IDI)for patients with retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema(RVO-ME)by using optical coherence tomography(OCTA).<p>METHODS: Seventeen eyes in 17 patients with RVO-ME were treated with intravitreal injection of sustained-release IDI. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and superficial retinal vascular network were observed at baseline, 1d, 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, 4mo and 6mo.<p>RESULTS: CMT was significantly reduced from baseline by 24h after injection and improved further during the 3mo follow-up, and the improvement of visual acuity was consistent with that of CMT. OCTA showed improvement from baseline in terms of decreased number and size of cysts and restoration of the retinal vascular network. A slight increase in intraocular pressure was observed in 2 eyes after injection. There were no systemic side effects associated with injection or medication during follow-up.<p>CONCLUSION: CMT reduced as early as 24h after the injection of IDI, with further reduction during follow-up, and OCTA could visually observe the changes of retinal vascular network in macular area.

Protective mechanism of hydrogen on oxidative stress-induced retinal aging / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen on retinal senescence induced by oxidative stress.<p>METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and treatment group. Animal models of retinal oxidative stress injury were established by injecting sodium iodate solution into mice caudal vein. Harvesting the mice retina, Western-blot was used to detect the level of proteins related to DNA damage response such as ATM, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and HMGB1 that associated with DNA repair.<p>RESULTS: SA-β-gal staining showed that the blue-green deposits in treatment group were reduced than that in model group. The expression of DNA damage reactive protein in treatment group ATM, cyclin D1, NF-κB(0.10±0.009, 0.32±0.01, 0.19±0.002)were significantly lower than those in the model groups(0.77±0.08, 0.70±0.02, 0.36±0.01), and the differences were statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.01). At the same time, the expression of DNA repair protein HMGB1 in treatment group(0.927±0.06)were notably higher than that in model group(0.383±0.07)and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: H₂ can attenuate senescence by inhibiting oxidative-stress induced DNA damage.

Upregulation of PITX2 Promotes Letrozole Resistance Via Transcriptional Activation of IFITM1 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Although the interferon α (IFNα) signaling and the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) have both been implicated in the progression of breast cancer (BCa), it remains obscure whether these two pathways act in a coordinated manner. We therefore aimed to elucidate the expression and function of PITX2 during the pathogenesis of endocrine resistance in BCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PITX2 expression was assessed in BCa tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and in experimentally induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Effects of PITX2 deregulation on BCa progression was determined by assessing MTT, apoptosis and xenograft model. Finally, using multiple assays, the transcriptional regulation of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) by PITX2 was studied at both molecular and functional levels. RESULTS: PITX2 expression was induced in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and cells, and PITX2 induction by IFNα signaling powerfully protected BCa cells against letrozole insult and potentiated letrozole-resistance. Mechanistically, PITX2 enhanced IFNα-induced AKT activation by transactivating the transcription of IFITM1, thus rendering BCa cells unresponsive to letrozoleelicited cell death. Additionally, ablation of IFITM1 expression using siRNA substantially abolished IFNα-elicited AKT phosphorylation, even in the presence of PITX2 overexpression, thus sensitizing BCa cells to letrozole treatment. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that constitutive upregulation of PITX2/IFITM1 cascade is an intrinsic adaptive mechanism during the pathogenesis of letrozole-resistance, and modulation of PITX2/IFITM1 level using different genetic and pharmacological means would thus have a novel therapeutic potential against letrozole resistance in BCa.

Effect of rhynchophylline on expression of TH in methamphetamine-induced CPP mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of rhynchophyl-line on the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH) in hippocampus of methamphetamine-induced condition place preference ( CPP) mice. Methods Metham- phetamine was injected intraperitoneally to mice, and the expression of TH was observed by immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot. Results The CPP mouse model was established successfully by methamphet-amine ( 4 mg·kg-1) . Ketamine ( 15 mg·kg-1) , rhynchophylline low dosage group (40 mg·kg-1) and rhynchophylline high dosage group ( 80 mg·kg-1) could remove the effect of methamphetamine on CPP mice. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that methamphetamine ( 4 mg·kg-1) could increase the number of TH positive cells in hippocampus while ket-amine (4 mg·kg-1), rhynchophylline (40, 80 mg· kg-1) group could attenuate the change. Western blot-ting indicated the expression of TH of model group in-creased significantly, whereas ketamine ( 15 mg· kg-1) , rhynchophylline ( 40, 80 mg·kg-1) group presented less expression. Conclusions The CPP in-duced by methamphetamine in mice may be inhibited to some extent by rhynchophylline, and its mechanism may be associated with the expression of TH.

Research progress on role of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs within central nervous system / 中国药理学通报

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles produced and secre-ted into extracellular fluid by all cells. They mediate cell com-munication through carrying and transferring informational car-goes ( proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and so on ) to recipient cells. In central nervous system, exosomes can be released from all cell types including neurons, neural stem cells and neuroglia cells. These exosomes shuttle nucleic acids ( miRNAs, mRNAs and so on) and play an important role in nervous system devel-opment and function as well as diseases including Alzheimer's disease and drug addiction. Furthermore, the functional effects and targeting characteristics of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs suggest that exosomes-shuttle-RNAs can be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we elaborate the effects, functions and mechanisms of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs in order to gain a new recognition of CNS development and diseases.

Efficacy and safety of short-term application of pranoprofen eye drops for senile patients with dry eyes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of short-term application of pranoprofen eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes in senile patients.· METHODS:Totally 100 elderly patients with dry eyes treated in our hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 were randomly divided into 2 groups.All cases were bilateral onset,and the right eyes were marked as the observation eyes.The 50 eyes in the observation group were treated with 1 g/L pranoprofen eye drops combined with 1 g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops,while 50 in the control group were treated with 1 g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops.The results of Schirmer Ⅰ,ocular surface disease index (OSDI),break-up time (BUT),ocular surface staining(OSS),human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD11b in conjunctival epithelial cells before and at 2wk after treatment,and adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed.· RESULTS:Before treatment,results of Schirmer I,OSDI,BUT,OSS,HLA-DR and CD11b in the two groups were similar,there were no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05).After treatment,OSDI,OSS,HLA-DR,CD11b significantly decreased,BUT significantly increased in both groups,the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).After treatment,OSDI,OSS and HLA-DR in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,BUT in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.01).The expression of HLA-DR was positively correlated with OSDI and OSS,and negatively correlated with BUT,and the correlations were statistically significant (P＜0.06).· CONCLUSION:Short term application of pranoprofen eye drops can effectively enhance the efficacy in treating elderly patients with dry eyes,release clinical symptoms,and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to the inhibitory effect on HLA-DR.

Effect of lens opacity on retinal oxygen saturation in patients with diabetic cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of crystal turbidity on retinal oxygen saturation in patients with diabetic cataract. <p>METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study. Totally 68 patients with 68 eyes of diabetic cataract admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to December 2017 were selected as subjects. Retinal oximetry was used to measure the blood oxygen saturation of the retinal veins, veins, and their supraorbital, nasal, subnasal, and infraorbital branches. The objective scatter index(OSI)of the eye was measured by Visual Quality Analysis System II, and the degree of opacity of the lens was graded according to OSI. <p>RESULTS:The blood oxygen saturation of the retinal artery and its branches in this group were 101.39%±10.84%, 106.19%±11.40%, 103.22%±10.91%, 102.36%±20.31%, and 101.29%±13.88%, respectively. The oxygen saturation of the retinal vein and its branches were 62.51%±8.95%, 66.37%±10.74%, 64.81%±8.97%, 58.37%±13.85%, and 58.66%±19.94%, respectively. The difference between arteriovenous oxygen saturation was 40.72%±12.08%. In this group of patients, 68 patients with 68 eyes had an OSI value of 4.21±3.14. Among them, 15 eyes were turbid at the first stage, 14 eyes were turbid at level 2, 23 eyes were turbid at level 3, and 16 eyes were turbid at level 4. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the retinal veins, veins and their branches were negatively correlated with OSI(both <i>P</i><0.01). The difference in retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation was positively correlated with OSI(<i>P</i><0.01). There were significant differences in the blood oxygen saturation between the retinal veins, veins and their branches in patients with different degrees of lens opacity(<i>P</i><0.05). The retinal arterial, venous and branch oxygen saturation of patients with opacity of lens 4 was significantly lower than that of patients with opacity of lens 1, 2, and 3, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). There were no significant differences in blood oxygen saturation between the patients with opacity of lens 1, 2, and 3(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference in the difference of arteriovenous oxygen saturation between the patients with different degrees of lens opacity(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: In patients with diabetic cataract, when the degree of lens opacity is 1 to 3, the degree of abnormality of retinal blood oxygen metabolism is not obvious. When the degree of lens opacity reaches 4, the blood oxygen saturation of the retinal veins, veins and their branches will decrease.

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity: Correlation with other radiologic findings in acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Objective: To assess fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyper-intensity (FVH) and explore its relationship with CT perfusion (CTP) penumbral/infarct core mismatch ratio and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) final infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: The CTP and MRI images of 38 AIS patients with MCAO were reviewed. The FVH score (longitudinal direction) [FVH score (L)] and FVH score (transverse direction) [FVH score (T)] were quantified on the FLAIR images. The FVH score (L) (range, 0-16) was based on a rostrocaudal extension of FVH and the FVH score (T) (range, 0-3) was based on FVH supply of the occluded MCA territory. The mismatch ratio was calculated from the ratio of the [mean transit time - cerebral blood volume (CBV)] lesion/CBV lesion on the CTP images. The DWI infarct volume was measured on the DWI images. Results: The mismatch ratio was larger for the group of FVH score (L)=7~8 than those of FVH score (L)=5~6 and FVH score (L)=3~4 (p=0.03), whereas the DWI infarct volume was smaller (p=0.04). Similarly, the mismatch ratio of FVH score (T)=2~3 group was larger than FVH score (T)=1 group (p=0.01), whereas the DWI infarct volume was smaller (p=0.02). Both FVH score (L) and FVH score (T) correlated positively with mismatch ratio (P=0.02, P=0.001, respectively), but negatively with DWI infarct volume (P=0.03, P=0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Higher FVH score is associated with larger mismatch ratio and smaller DWI infarct volume in AIS patients with MCAO. FLAIR vascular hyperintensity may represent collateral arterial circulation, and may play a role in protecting the ischemic penumbra.

Effects of Bevacizumab on the proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?AIM:To investigate the effects of Bevacizumab on the proliferation and the expression of E -Cadherin and fibronectin in human retinal pigment epithelial cell ( ARPE-19) in vitro.?METHODS: Different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0mg/mL) of bevacizumab were exposed to ARPE-19 cells, then cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8, cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of E-Cadherin and fibornectin was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.?RESULTS:The concentration as 2.5mg/mL or 5.0mg/mL of bevacizumab was shown to effectively suppress the proliferation and cell cycle of ARPE-19 cell (P<0.05). In addition, 2.5mg/mL or 5.0mg/mL of bevacizumab could downregulate the expression of E-cadherin and promote the transcription of fibronection gene (P<0.05).?CONCLUSION:High concentration of bevacizumab was able to inhibit ARPE-19 proliferation, downregulate E-Cadherin expression and promote fibronectin expression, indicating epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by bevacizumab in ARPE-19 cell.

Pathogens causing healthcare-associated urinary tract infection in intensive care unit patients / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand healthcare-associated urinary tract infection (HA-UTI)and pathogens causing HA-UTI in intensive care unit (ICU)patients,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HA-UTI. Methods Targeted surveillance data about HA-UTI in 32 hospitals in 2013 were analyzed.Results A total of 23 680 ICU patients were monitored,157 cases of HA-UTI occurred,HA-UTI rate was 0.66%;the usage rate of urinary tract cathe-ter was 80.83%,catheter-associated UTI was 1.25‰.A total of 162 pathogenic strains were detected,the percentage of fungi,gram-negative bacteria,and gram-positive bacteria was 40.74% (n=66);31.48 % (n=51),and 27.78% (n=45)respectively.Conclusion The main pathogens causing HAI-URI are fungi,comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to control HA-UTI in ICU patients.

Prognostic value of the ABCD2 score on long-term follow-up of transient ischemic attack using the new tissue-based definition

The ABCD2 score is validated for evaluating short-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack (TIA); however, whether it is able to predict the long-term risk of vascular outcome remains uncertain. Recently a new tissue-based definition of TIA has been proposed. The ABCD2 scores of 145 TIA patients admitted to our hospital were retrospectively calculated and stratified into two categories: ≤ 3 points (low risk); 4-7 points (moderate-high risk). At a median follow-up of 81 months, new vascular events were recorded. Follow-up data were available in 107 patients. Seventy one patients had a moderate-high ABCD2 score. Sixty six patients experienced a cerebral ischemic event; 8 a myocardial infarction; 7 died of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular cause. Moderate-high ABCD2 score was significantly associated with the further cerebral ischemic events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.755; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019 to 3.024) and with the combined endpoint (HR, 1.818; 95% CI, 1.079 to 3.063). Our study shows that the ABCD2 score may also be used to predict long-term vascular outcome after tissue-based definition of TIA. Moderate-high ABCD2 score is associated with an increased general vascular risk in the long-term follow-up after TIA.